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financial crisis
The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these panics. Other situations that are often called financial crises include stock market crashes and the bursting of other financial bubbles, currency crises, and sovereign defaults.〔Charles P. Kindleberger and Robert Aliber (2005), ''Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises'', 5th ed. Wiley, ISBN 0-471-46714-6.〕〔Luc Laeven and Fabian Valencia (2008), ('Systemic banking crises: a new database' ). International Monetary Fund Working Paper 08/224.〕 Financial crises directly result in a loss of paper wealth but do not necessarily result in changes in the real economy.
Many economists have offered theories about how financial crises develop and how they could be prevented. There is no consensus, however, and financial crises continue to occur from time to time.
==Types==
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